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Britannica On This Day December 11 2023 * Abdication of King Edward VIII, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is featured, and more *
Page 1 of 1
Britannica On This Day December 11 2023 * Abdication of King Edward VIII, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is featured, and more *
by Paul Mon 11 Dec 2023, 4:40 am
This Day in History: December 11
1936
Abdication of King Edward VIII
Edward VIII, failing to win acceptance for his desire to marry American divorcée Wallis Warfield Simpson, became the only British sovereign to voluntarily resign the crown, his abdication formally approved this day in 1936.
Camera Press/Globe Photos
2012
Indian sitarist Ravi Shankar, who was influential in stimulating Western appreciation of Indian music, died at age 92.How much do you know about India?
[size=11]age fotostock/Alamy[/size]
1998
The Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives recommended three articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton, to which would be added a fourth article the following day, for actions taken in connection with his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.Take our quiz about U.S. political scandals
[size=11]Courtesy, William J. Clinton Foundation[/size]
1994
Russian troops invaded Chechnya in an effort to suppress a rebel Chechen government led by Dzhokhar Dudayev.Test your knowledge of Russian history
[size=11]Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.[/size]
1981
American boxer Muhammad Ali fought his last professional bout, losing to Trevor Berbick in a decision.How much do you know about boxing?
[size=11]AP Images[/size]
1978
Nearly $6 million in cash and jewels was stolen from the air cargo building of the German airline Lufthansa at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City; at the time, the Lufthansa heist, as it became known, was the largest-ever cash theft in the United States.Take our criminality and famous outlaws quiz
1972
Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt became the last humans to walk on the Moon.Watch a video of Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt singing on the Moon
[size=11]NASA[/size]
1967
The acclaimed American film Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, a lesson in racial tolerance and etiquette, premiered in New York City; it starred Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy (in his last movie), and Sidney Poitier.Test your knowledge of cinema
[size=11]Copyright
1969 Columbia Pictures, all rights reserved.[/size]
1946
UNICEF—a United Nations program devoted to improving the health, nutrition, education, and general welfare of children—was established.Sort fact from fiction in our quiz about world organizations
[size=11] Vladgalenko/Dreamstime.com[/size]
1941
Adolf Hitler declared that Germany was at war with the United States following the Japanese attacks on the U.S., British, and Dutch positions in the Pacific and in East Asia.Take our World War II quiz
[size=11]Heinrich Hoffmann, Munich[/size]
1911
Egyptian novelist and screenplay writer Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, was born in Cairo.Learn how Nobel Prize winners are selected
[size=11]EPA/REX/Shutterstock.com[/size]
1845
The Sonderbund was formed by the seven Roman Catholic conservative Swiss cantons (Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Fribourg, and Valais) to oppose anti-Catholic measures by Protestant liberal cantons.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Russian author
BornDecember 11, 1918
Kislovodsk, Russia
(Birthday tomorrow)
DiedAugust 3, 2008 (aged 89)
Troitse-Lykovo, Russia
:copyright: Jacques Brinon—AP/REX/Shutterstock.com
[size=16][size=13][size=13]
[size=13]BORN ON
John Kerry
United States Senator And Secretary Of State
December 11, 1943 -
John Kerry U.S. politician who served in the Senate (1985–2013) and who was the Democratic Party’s nominee for president in 2004. He later was secretary of state (2013–17) in the administration of Pres....
BORN ON
Dilip Kumar
Indian Actor
December 11, 1922 -
Dilip Kumar one of the legendary actors of Bollywood. With his low-key, naturalistic acting style, he excelled in a wide range of roles. In addition to his acting, he was noted for his good looks, deep...
BORN ON
Pranab Mukherjee
President Of India
December 11, 1935 - August 31, 2020
Pranab Mukherjee Indian politician and government official who served as president of India (2012–17). He succeeded Pratibha Patil (served 2007–12), India’s first woman president. Mukherjee’s father, Kamada...
DIED ON
Ravi Shankar
Indian Musician And Composer
April 7, 1920 - December 11, 2012
Ravi Shankar Indian musician, player of the sitar, composer, and founder of the National Orchestra of India, who was influential in stimulating Western appreciation of Indian music. Born into a Bengali...
DIED ON
Sam Cooke
American Singer
January 22, 1931 - December 11, 1964
Sam Cooke American singer, songwriter, producer, and entrepreneur who was a major figure in the history of popular music and, along with Ray Charles, one of the most influential Black vocalists of the...
BORN ON
Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh
Indian Spiritual Leader
December 11, 1931 - January 19, 1990
Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh Indian spiritual leader who preached an eclectic doctrine of Eastern mysticism, individual devotion, and sexual freedom. As a young intellectual, Rajneesh visited with and absorbed...
BORN ON
Viswanathan Anand
Indian Chess Player
December 11, 1969 -
Viswanathan Anand Indian chess master who won the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE; international chess federation) world championship in 2000, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2012. (Read Garry Kasparov’s...
BORN ON
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
Russian Author
December 11, 1918 - August 3, 2008
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn Russian novelist and historian, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970. Solzhenitsyn was born into a family of Cossack intellectuals and brought up primarily...
DIED ON
Boy Charlton
Australian Athlete
August 12, 1907 - December 11, 1975
Boy Charlton Australian swimmer who won five Olympic medals. In 1923, at the age of 15, Charlton set his first world record, swimming 880 yards in 11 min 5.2 sec. En route to the 1924 Olympic Games in...
DIED ON
Anne Rice
American Author
October 4, 1941 - December 11, 2021
Anne Rice American author who was best known for her novels about vampires and other supernatural creatures. Rice was christened Howard Allen O’Brien but hated her first name so much that she changed it...
BORN ON
Hector Berlioz
French Composer
December 11, 1803 - March 8, 1869
Hector Berlioz French composer, critic, and conductor of the Romantic period, known largely for his Symphonie fantastique (1830), the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette (1839), and the dramatic piece La...
BORN ON
Leo X
Pope
December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521
Leo X one of the leading Renaissance popes (reigned 1513–21). He made Rome a cultural centre and a political power, but he depleted the papal treasury, and, by failing to take the developing Reformation...
BORN ON
Robert Koch
German Bacteriologist
December 11, 1843 - May 27, 1910
Robert Koch German physician and one of the founders of bacteriology. He discovered the anthrax disease cycle (1876) and the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis (1882) and cholera (1883). For his discoveries...
BORN ON
Max Born
German Physicist
December 11, 1882 - January 5, 1970
Max Born German physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954 with Walther Bothe for his probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Born came from an upper-middle-class, assimilated,...
BORN ON
Jean-Louis Trintignant
French Actor
December 11, 1930 - June 17, 2022
Jean-Louis Trintignant French motion-picture actor who achieved a wide range of characterizations with great economy. Trintignant initially studied law but began acting on the stage in 1951. His first...
BORN ON
Naguib Mahfouz
Egyptian Writer
December 11, 1911 - August 30, 2006
Naguib Mahfouz Egyptian novelist and screenplay writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, the first Arabic writer to be so honoured. Mahfouz was the son of a civil servant and grew...
BORN ON
Tom Hayden
American Activist And Author
December 11, 1939 - October 23, 2016
Tom Hayden American activist and author. One of the preeminent activists of the 1960s, Hayden helped found Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and was arrested as one of the Chicago Seven indicted...
BORN ON
Big Mama Thornton
American Singer-Songwriter
December 11, 1926 - July 25, 1984
Big Mama Thornton American singer and songwriter who performed in the tradition of classic blues singers such as Bessie Smith and Memphis Minnie. Her work inspired imitation by Elvis Presley and Janis...
DIED ON
Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd
Prince Of Wales
- December 11, 1282
Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd prince of Gwynedd in northern Wales who struggled unsuccessfully to drive the English from Welsh territory. He was the only Welsh ruler to be officially recognized by the English as...
BORN ON
Fiorello La Guardia
Mayor Of New York City
December 11, 1882 - September 20, 1947
Fiorello La Guardia American politician and lawyer who served three terms (1933–45) as mayor of New York City. La Guardia was reared in Arizona and at the age of 16 moved with his family to his mother’s...
BORN ON
Manoel de Oliveira
Portuguese Director
December 11, 1908 - April 2, 2015
Manoel de Oliveira Portuguese filmmaker, known for richly meditative and often self-reflexive films that were frequently inspired by literary and theatrical works. Although his career began in the silent...
BORN ON
Carlos Gardel
Argentine Actor And Singer
December 11, 1890 - June 24, 1935
Carlos Gardel Argentine singer and actor, celebrated throughout Latin America for his espousal of tango music. Some uncertainty exists concerning Gardel’s early life. While most sources indicate that he...
BORN ON
McCoy Tyner
American Musician
December 11, 1938 - March 6, 2020
McCoy Tyner American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer, noted for his technical virtuosity and dazzling improvisations. Tyner began performing with local jazz ensembles while in his mid-teens. He...
BORN ON
Jean Marais
French Actor
December 11, 1913 - November 8, 1998
Jean Marais French actor who was a protégé and longtime partner of French writer-director Jean Cocteau. Marais was one of the most popular leading men in French films during the 1940s and ’50s. Marais...
BORN ON
Jim Harrison
American Author
December 11, 1937 - March 26, 2016
Jim Harrison was an American novelist and poet known for his lyrical treatment of the human struggle between nature and domesticity. Arguably his most famous work was Legends of the Fall (1979; films 1990...
BORN ON
Qian Xuesen
Chinese Scientist
December 11, 1911 - October 31, 2009
Qian Xuesen Chinese engineer and research scientist widely recognized as the “father of Chinese aerospace” for his role in establishing China’s ballistic missile program. Qian was the only child of an...
BORN ON
Derek Parfit
British Philosopher
December 11, 1942 - January 1, 2017
Derek Parfit English philosopher whose work in normative ethics and metaethics, personal identity, and the theory of practical reason was widely influential in the English-speaking world from the 1980s....
BORN ON
Sir David Brewster
Scottish Physicist
December 11, 1781 - February 10, 1868
Sir David Brewster Scottish physicist noted for his experimental work in optics and polarized light—i.e., light in which all waves lie in the same plane. When light strikes a reflective surface at a certain...
DIED ON
Michael VIII Palaeologus
Byzantine Emperor
1224 or 1225 - December 11, 1282
Michael VIII Palaeologus Nicaean emperor (1259–61) and then Byzantine emperor (1261–82), who in 1261 restored the Byzantine Empire to the Greeks after 57 years of Latin occupation and who founded the Palaeologan...
DIED ON
St. Damasus I
Pope
c.304 - December 11, 384
St. Damasus I ; feast day December 11) pope from October 1, 366, to December 11, 384. During his rule the primacy of the Roman see was asserted. Damasus was a deacon during the reign of his predecessor,...
DIED ON
Alma Mahler
Wife Of Gustav Mahler
August 31, 1879 - December 11, 1964
Alma Mahler wife of Gustav Mahler, known for her relationships with celebrated men. The daughter of the painter Emil Schindler, Alma grew up surrounded by art and artists. She studied art and became friends...
BORN ON
Annie Jump Cannon
American Astronomer
December 11, 1863 - April 13, 1941
Annie Jump Cannon American astronomer who specialized in the classification of stellar spectra. Cannon was the eldest daughter of Wilson Cannon, a Delaware state senator, and Mary Jump. She studied physics...
BORN ON
Alfred de Musset
French Author
December 11, 1810 - May 2, 1857
Alfred de Musset French Romantic dramatist and poet, best known for his plays. Musset’s autobiographical La Confession d’un enfant du siècle (1836; The Confession of a Child of the Century), if not entirely...
BORN ON
Macky Sall
President Of Senegal
December 11, 1961 -
Macky Sall Senegalese geologist and politician who served as prime minister (2004–07) and as president (2012– ) of Senegal. Sall was raised in a family of modest means in the town of Fatick in western...
BORN ON
Emmanuelle Charpentier
French Microbiologist
December 11, 1968 -
Emmanuelle Charpentier French scientist who discovered, with American biochemist Jennifer Doudna, a molecular tool known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9. Their...
BORN ON
Elliott Carter
American Composer
December 11, 1908 - November 5, 2012
Elliott Carter American composer, a musical innovator whose erudite style and novel principles of polyrhythm, called metric modulation, won worldwide attention. He was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize...
DIED ON
Kamehameha V
King Of Hawaii
December 11, 1830 - December 11, 1872
Kamehameha V, king of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. Succeeding to the throne on the death of his younger brother, Kamehameha IV, he immediately revealed his intention to rule with a strong hand, refusing at...
BORN ON
Kamehameha V
King Of Hawaii
December 11, 1830 - December 11, 1872
Kamehameha V, king of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. Succeeding to the throne on the death of his younger brother, Kamehameha IV, he immediately revealed his intention to rule with a strong hand, refusing at...
DIED ON
Henry IV
King Of Castile
January 25, 1425 - December 11, 1474
Henry IV king of Castile from 1454 to 1474, whose reign, though at first promising, became chaotic. Henry’s weak father, John II, was entirely under the control of his constable, Álvaro de Luna, who gave...
DIED ON
James J. Gibson
American Psychologist And Philosopher
January 27, 1904 - December 11, 1979
James J. Gibson American psychologist whose theories of visual perception were influential among some schools of psychology and philosophy in the late 20th century. After receiving a Ph.D. in psychology...
DIED ON
Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé
French General And Prince
September 8, 1621 - December 11, 1686
Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé leader of the last of the series of aristocratic uprisings in France known as the Fronde (1648–53). He later became one of King Louis XIV’s greatest generals. The...
DIED ON
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er duque de Alba
Spanish Soldier And Statesman
October 29, 1507 - December 11, 1582
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er duque de Alba Spanish soldier and statesman famous for his conquest of Portugal (1580) and notorious for his tyranny as governor-general of the Netherlands (1567–73)....
BORN ON
Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov
Russian Revolutionary
December 11, 1856 - May 30, 1918
Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov Marxist theorist, the founder and for many years the leading exponent of the Marxist movement in Russia. A Menshevik, he opposed the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia...
DIED ON
Olive Schreiner
South African Writer
March 24, 1855 - December 11, 1920
Olive Schreiner writer who produced the first great South African novel, The Story of an African Farm (1883). She had a powerful intellect, militantly feminist and liberal views on politics and society,...
BORN ON
Grace Paley
American Author
December 11, 1922 - August 22, 2007
Grace Paley American short-story writer and poet known for her realistic seriocomic portrayals of working-class New Yorkers and for her political activism. Paley’s first languages were Russian and Yiddish....
BORN ON
Prachanda
Prime Minister Of Nepal
December 11, 1954 -
Prachanda Nepali rebel leader and politician who headed the Maoist insurgency that ended Nepal’s monarchy and established the country as a democratic republic. He served as its first prime minister (2008–09)...
BORN ON
Maurice Leblanc
French Author
December 11, 1864 - November 6, 1941
Maurice Leblanc French author and journalist best known as the creator of the fictional character Arsène Lupin, a French gentleman-thief turned detective. Leblanc abandoned his law studies to become a...
BORN ON
Carlos Arias Navarro
Prime Minister Of Spain
December 11, 1908 - November 27, 1989
Carlos Arias Navarro was a Spanish politician, the only civilian premier appointed by dictator General Francisco Franco. After receiving a doctorate in law, Arias Navarro began his service with the Ministry...
DIED ON
Colley Cibber
English Actor And Author
November 6, 1671 - December 11, 1757
Colley Cibber English actor, theatre manager, playwright, and poet laureate of England, whose play Love’s Last Shift; or, The Fool in Fashion (1696) is generally considered the first sentimental comedy,...
BORN ON
Mark Tobey
American Artist
December 11, 1890 - April 24, 1976
Mark Tobey American painter whose individual experiments with abstract, calligraphic work influenced subsequent art trends, especially Abstract Expressionism. Tobey studied at the School of the Art Institute...
[/size][/size][/size][/size]
Featured Event
1936
Abdication of King Edward VIII
Edward VIII, failing to win acceptance for his desire to marry American divorcée Wallis Warfield Simpson, became the only British sovereign to voluntarily resign the crown, his abdication formally approved this day in 1936.
Camera Press/Globe Photos
More Events On This Day
2012
Indian sitarist Ravi Shankar, who was influential in stimulating Western appreciation of Indian music, died at age 92.How much do you know about India?
[size=11]age fotostock/Alamy[/size]
1998
The Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives recommended three articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton, to which would be added a fourth article the following day, for actions taken in connection with his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.Take our quiz about U.S. political scandals
[size=11]Courtesy, William J. Clinton Foundation[/size]
1994
Russian troops invaded Chechnya in an effort to suppress a rebel Chechen government led by Dzhokhar Dudayev.Test your knowledge of Russian history
[size=11]Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.[/size]
1981
American boxer Muhammad Ali fought his last professional bout, losing to Trevor Berbick in a decision.How much do you know about boxing?
[size=11]AP Images[/size]
1978
Nearly $6 million in cash and jewels was stolen from the air cargo building of the German airline Lufthansa at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City; at the time, the Lufthansa heist, as it became known, was the largest-ever cash theft in the United States.Take our criminality and famous outlaws quiz
1972
Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt became the last humans to walk on the Moon.Watch a video of Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt singing on the Moon
[size=11]NASA[/size]
1967
The acclaimed American film Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, a lesson in racial tolerance and etiquette, premiered in New York City; it starred Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy (in his last movie), and Sidney Poitier.Test your knowledge of cinema
[size=11]Copyright
1969 Columbia Pictures, all rights reserved.[/size]1946
UNICEF—a United Nations program devoted to improving the health, nutrition, education, and general welfare of children—was established.Sort fact from fiction in our quiz about world organizations
[size=11]
Vladgalenko/Dreamstime.com[/size]1941
Adolf Hitler declared that Germany was at war with the United States following the Japanese attacks on the U.S., British, and Dutch positions in the Pacific and in East Asia.Take our World War II quiz
[size=11]Heinrich Hoffmann, Munich[/size]
1911
Egyptian novelist and screenplay writer Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, was born in Cairo.Learn how Nobel Prize winners are selected
[size=11]EPA/REX/Shutterstock.com[/size]
1845
The Sonderbund was formed by the seven Roman Catholic conservative Swiss cantons (Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Fribourg, and Valais) to oppose anti-Catholic measures by Protestant liberal cantons.
Featured Biography
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Russian author
BornDecember 11, 1918
Kislovodsk, Russia
(Birthday tomorrow)
DiedAugust 3, 2008 (aged 89)
Troitse-Lykovo, Russia
:copyright: Jacques Brinon—AP/REX/Shutterstock.com
[size=16][size=13][size=13]
[size=13]BORN ON
John Kerry
United States Senator And Secretary Of State
December 11, 1943 -
John Kerry U.S. politician who served in the Senate (1985–2013) and who was the Democratic Party’s nominee for president in 2004. He later was secretary of state (2013–17) in the administration of Pres....
BORN ON
Dilip Kumar
Indian Actor
December 11, 1922 -
Dilip Kumar one of the legendary actors of Bollywood. With his low-key, naturalistic acting style, he excelled in a wide range of roles. In addition to his acting, he was noted for his good looks, deep...
BORN ON
Pranab Mukherjee
President Of India
December 11, 1935 - August 31, 2020
Pranab Mukherjee Indian politician and government official who served as president of India (2012–17). He succeeded Pratibha Patil (served 2007–12), India’s first woman president. Mukherjee’s father, Kamada...
DIED ON
Ravi Shankar
Indian Musician And Composer
April 7, 1920 - December 11, 2012
Ravi Shankar Indian musician, player of the sitar, composer, and founder of the National Orchestra of India, who was influential in stimulating Western appreciation of Indian music. Born into a Bengali...
DIED ON
Sam Cooke
American Singer
January 22, 1931 - December 11, 1964
Sam Cooke American singer, songwriter, producer, and entrepreneur who was a major figure in the history of popular music and, along with Ray Charles, one of the most influential Black vocalists of the...
BORN ON
Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh
Indian Spiritual Leader
December 11, 1931 - January 19, 1990
Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh Indian spiritual leader who preached an eclectic doctrine of Eastern mysticism, individual devotion, and sexual freedom. As a young intellectual, Rajneesh visited with and absorbed...
BORN ON
Viswanathan Anand
Indian Chess Player
December 11, 1969 -
Viswanathan Anand Indian chess master who won the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE; international chess federation) world championship in 2000, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2012. (Read Garry Kasparov’s...
BORN ON
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
Russian Author
December 11, 1918 - August 3, 2008
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn Russian novelist and historian, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970. Solzhenitsyn was born into a family of Cossack intellectuals and brought up primarily...
DIED ON
Boy Charlton
Australian Athlete
August 12, 1907 - December 11, 1975
Boy Charlton Australian swimmer who won five Olympic medals. In 1923, at the age of 15, Charlton set his first world record, swimming 880 yards in 11 min 5.2 sec. En route to the 1924 Olympic Games in...
DIED ON
Anne Rice
American Author
October 4, 1941 - December 11, 2021
Anne Rice American author who was best known for her novels about vampires and other supernatural creatures. Rice was christened Howard Allen O’Brien but hated her first name so much that she changed it...
BORN ON
Hector Berlioz
French Composer
December 11, 1803 - March 8, 1869
Hector Berlioz French composer, critic, and conductor of the Romantic period, known largely for his Symphonie fantastique (1830), the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette (1839), and the dramatic piece La...
BORN ON
Leo X
Pope
December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521
Leo X one of the leading Renaissance popes (reigned 1513–21). He made Rome a cultural centre and a political power, but he depleted the papal treasury, and, by failing to take the developing Reformation...
BORN ON
Robert Koch
German Bacteriologist
December 11, 1843 - May 27, 1910
Robert Koch German physician and one of the founders of bacteriology. He discovered the anthrax disease cycle (1876) and the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis (1882) and cholera (1883). For his discoveries...
BORN ON
Max Born
German Physicist
December 11, 1882 - January 5, 1970
Max Born German physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954 with Walther Bothe for his probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Born came from an upper-middle-class, assimilated,...
BORN ON
Jean-Louis Trintignant
French Actor
December 11, 1930 - June 17, 2022
Jean-Louis Trintignant French motion-picture actor who achieved a wide range of characterizations with great economy. Trintignant initially studied law but began acting on the stage in 1951. His first...
BORN ON
Naguib Mahfouz
Egyptian Writer
December 11, 1911 - August 30, 2006
Naguib Mahfouz Egyptian novelist and screenplay writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, the first Arabic writer to be so honoured. Mahfouz was the son of a civil servant and grew...
BORN ON
Tom Hayden
American Activist And Author
December 11, 1939 - October 23, 2016
Tom Hayden American activist and author. One of the preeminent activists of the 1960s, Hayden helped found Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and was arrested as one of the Chicago Seven indicted...
BORN ON
Big Mama Thornton
American Singer-Songwriter
December 11, 1926 - July 25, 1984
Big Mama Thornton American singer and songwriter who performed in the tradition of classic blues singers such as Bessie Smith and Memphis Minnie. Her work inspired imitation by Elvis Presley and Janis...
DIED ON
Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd
Prince Of Wales
- December 11, 1282
Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd prince of Gwynedd in northern Wales who struggled unsuccessfully to drive the English from Welsh territory. He was the only Welsh ruler to be officially recognized by the English as...
BORN ON
Fiorello La Guardia
Mayor Of New York City
December 11, 1882 - September 20, 1947
Fiorello La Guardia American politician and lawyer who served three terms (1933–45) as mayor of New York City. La Guardia was reared in Arizona and at the age of 16 moved with his family to his mother’s...
BORN ON
Manoel de Oliveira
Portuguese Director
December 11, 1908 - April 2, 2015
Manoel de Oliveira Portuguese filmmaker, known for richly meditative and often self-reflexive films that were frequently inspired by literary and theatrical works. Although his career began in the silent...
BORN ON
Carlos Gardel
Argentine Actor And Singer
December 11, 1890 - June 24, 1935
Carlos Gardel Argentine singer and actor, celebrated throughout Latin America for his espousal of tango music. Some uncertainty exists concerning Gardel’s early life. While most sources indicate that he...
BORN ON
McCoy Tyner
American Musician
December 11, 1938 - March 6, 2020
McCoy Tyner American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer, noted for his technical virtuosity and dazzling improvisations. Tyner began performing with local jazz ensembles while in his mid-teens. He...
BORN ON
Jean Marais
French Actor
December 11, 1913 - November 8, 1998
Jean Marais French actor who was a protégé and longtime partner of French writer-director Jean Cocteau. Marais was one of the most popular leading men in French films during the 1940s and ’50s. Marais...
BORN ON
Jim Harrison
American Author
December 11, 1937 - March 26, 2016
Jim Harrison was an American novelist and poet known for his lyrical treatment of the human struggle between nature and domesticity. Arguably his most famous work was Legends of the Fall (1979; films 1990...
BORN ON
Qian Xuesen
Chinese Scientist
December 11, 1911 - October 31, 2009
Qian Xuesen Chinese engineer and research scientist widely recognized as the “father of Chinese aerospace” for his role in establishing China’s ballistic missile program. Qian was the only child of an...
BORN ON
Derek Parfit
British Philosopher
December 11, 1942 - January 1, 2017
Derek Parfit English philosopher whose work in normative ethics and metaethics, personal identity, and the theory of practical reason was widely influential in the English-speaking world from the 1980s....
BORN ON
Sir David Brewster
Scottish Physicist
December 11, 1781 - February 10, 1868
Sir David Brewster Scottish physicist noted for his experimental work in optics and polarized light—i.e., light in which all waves lie in the same plane. When light strikes a reflective surface at a certain...
DIED ON
Michael VIII Palaeologus
Byzantine Emperor
1224 or 1225 - December 11, 1282
Michael VIII Palaeologus Nicaean emperor (1259–61) and then Byzantine emperor (1261–82), who in 1261 restored the Byzantine Empire to the Greeks after 57 years of Latin occupation and who founded the Palaeologan...
DIED ON
St. Damasus I
Pope
c.304 - December 11, 384
St. Damasus I ; feast day December 11) pope from October 1, 366, to December 11, 384. During his rule the primacy of the Roman see was asserted. Damasus was a deacon during the reign of his predecessor,...
DIED ON
Alma Mahler
Wife Of Gustav Mahler
August 31, 1879 - December 11, 1964
Alma Mahler wife of Gustav Mahler, known for her relationships with celebrated men. The daughter of the painter Emil Schindler, Alma grew up surrounded by art and artists. She studied art and became friends...
BORN ON
Annie Jump Cannon
American Astronomer
December 11, 1863 - April 13, 1941
Annie Jump Cannon American astronomer who specialized in the classification of stellar spectra. Cannon was the eldest daughter of Wilson Cannon, a Delaware state senator, and Mary Jump. She studied physics...
BORN ON
Alfred de Musset
French Author
December 11, 1810 - May 2, 1857
Alfred de Musset French Romantic dramatist and poet, best known for his plays. Musset’s autobiographical La Confession d’un enfant du siècle (1836; The Confession of a Child of the Century), if not entirely...
BORN ON
Macky Sall
President Of Senegal
December 11, 1961 -
Macky Sall Senegalese geologist and politician who served as prime minister (2004–07) and as president (2012– ) of Senegal. Sall was raised in a family of modest means in the town of Fatick in western...
BORN ON
Emmanuelle Charpentier
French Microbiologist
December 11, 1968 -
Emmanuelle Charpentier French scientist who discovered, with American biochemist Jennifer Doudna, a molecular tool known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9. Their...
BORN ON
Elliott Carter
American Composer
December 11, 1908 - November 5, 2012
Elliott Carter American composer, a musical innovator whose erudite style and novel principles of polyrhythm, called metric modulation, won worldwide attention. He was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize...
DIED ON
Kamehameha V
King Of Hawaii
December 11, 1830 - December 11, 1872
Kamehameha V, king of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. Succeeding to the throne on the death of his younger brother, Kamehameha IV, he immediately revealed his intention to rule with a strong hand, refusing at...
BORN ON
Kamehameha V
King Of Hawaii
December 11, 1830 - December 11, 1872
Kamehameha V, king of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872. Succeeding to the throne on the death of his younger brother, Kamehameha IV, he immediately revealed his intention to rule with a strong hand, refusing at...
DIED ON
Henry IV
King Of Castile
January 25, 1425 - December 11, 1474
Henry IV king of Castile from 1454 to 1474, whose reign, though at first promising, became chaotic. Henry’s weak father, John II, was entirely under the control of his constable, Álvaro de Luna, who gave...
DIED ON
James J. Gibson
American Psychologist And Philosopher
January 27, 1904 - December 11, 1979
James J. Gibson American psychologist whose theories of visual perception were influential among some schools of psychology and philosophy in the late 20th century. After receiving a Ph.D. in psychology...
DIED ON
Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé
French General And Prince
September 8, 1621 - December 11, 1686
Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé leader of the last of the series of aristocratic uprisings in France known as the Fronde (1648–53). He later became one of King Louis XIV’s greatest generals. The...
DIED ON
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er duque de Alba
Spanish Soldier And Statesman
October 29, 1507 - December 11, 1582
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3er duque de Alba Spanish soldier and statesman famous for his conquest of Portugal (1580) and notorious for his tyranny as governor-general of the Netherlands (1567–73)....
BORN ON
Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov
Russian Revolutionary
December 11, 1856 - May 30, 1918
Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov Marxist theorist, the founder and for many years the leading exponent of the Marxist movement in Russia. A Menshevik, he opposed the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia...
DIED ON
Olive Schreiner
South African Writer
March 24, 1855 - December 11, 1920
Olive Schreiner writer who produced the first great South African novel, The Story of an African Farm (1883). She had a powerful intellect, militantly feminist and liberal views on politics and society,...
BORN ON
Grace Paley
American Author
December 11, 1922 - August 22, 2007
Grace Paley American short-story writer and poet known for her realistic seriocomic portrayals of working-class New Yorkers and for her political activism. Paley’s first languages were Russian and Yiddish....
BORN ON
Prachanda
Prime Minister Of Nepal
December 11, 1954 -
Prachanda Nepali rebel leader and politician who headed the Maoist insurgency that ended Nepal’s monarchy and established the country as a democratic republic. He served as its first prime minister (2008–09)...
BORN ON
Maurice Leblanc
French Author
December 11, 1864 - November 6, 1941
Maurice Leblanc French author and journalist best known as the creator of the fictional character Arsène Lupin, a French gentleman-thief turned detective. Leblanc abandoned his law studies to become a...
BORN ON
Carlos Arias Navarro
Prime Minister Of Spain
December 11, 1908 - November 27, 1989
Carlos Arias Navarro was a Spanish politician, the only civilian premier appointed by dictator General Francisco Franco. After receiving a doctorate in law, Arias Navarro began his service with the Ministry...
DIED ON
Colley Cibber
English Actor And Author
November 6, 1671 - December 11, 1757
Colley Cibber English actor, theatre manager, playwright, and poet laureate of England, whose play Love’s Last Shift; or, The Fool in Fashion (1696) is generally considered the first sentimental comedy,...
BORN ON
Mark Tobey
American Artist
December 11, 1890 - April 24, 1976
Mark Tobey American painter whose individual experiments with abstract, calligraphic work influenced subsequent art trends, especially Abstract Expressionism. Tobey studied at the School of the Art Institute...
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